Bull Market
1)- The market outlook is positive
2)-The investors are optimistic with long positions & anticipations in security will lead higher prices.
3)- The economy grows sustainably as GDP provides key indication.
4)- The job market in bullish market has great opportunities. Great income.
5)- Positive Market breadth.
6)- There is large liquidity flow in the market as great investment amount flows in the market.
7)- IPO activities are encouraged.
8)- Investment by foreign countries in the bullish country.
9)- It encourages banking sector to reduce interest rates on loans so that business activities grow prompting expansionary policies by the Central Bank & the Government.
10)- The yields on securities & dividend are low due to financial strength of the investors & security received by others on investment made.
Bear Market
1)- The market outlook is negative.
2)-The investors are pessimistic with short positions & anticipations in security will lead lower prices.
3)- The growth in economy is not sustainable as GDP provides key indication.
4)- The job market in bearish market has lesser opportunities. Declining income.
5)- Negative Market breadth.
6)- There is scarcity of liquidity flow in the market as no or meager amount of investment is done in the market.
7)- IPO activities are not great or not made.
8 )- Investment by foreign counties are not encouraging.
9)- The banking sector will curb the usage of money for emergency situation prompting contractionary policies by the highest authorities. The interest rates would be held stable or increased.
10)- The yields on securities & dividend would be very high due to fund requirement from the investors & Paying them higher yields on securities afterwards.
Recession-The period of general economic decline is usually defined as a contraction in the GDP for six months (two consecutive quarters) or longer. It is accompanied by high unemployment, stagnant wages, and fall in retail sales, a recession generally does not last longer than one year and is much milder than a depression. Although recessions are considered a normal part of a capitalist economy, there is no unanimity of economists on its causes.
Depression- A depression is a severe and prolonged downturn in economic activity. In economics, a depression is commonly defined as an extreme recession that lasts three or more years or leads to a decline in real gross domestic product (GDP) of at least 10 percent. In times of depression, consumer confidence and investments decrease, causing the economy to shut down. Economic factors that characterize a depression include:
- Substantial increases in unemployment
- A drop in available credit
- Diminishing output
- Bankruptcies
- Sovereign debt defaults
- Reduced trade and commerce
- Sustained volatility in currency values
